EXPLORING ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KERSEN FRUIT (MUNTINGIA CALABURA L) AS ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM

Authors

Hafidz Firmanda, Faculty of Medicine, Master Program of Basic Medical Science, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia AND Department of Microbilogy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional "Veteran" Jawa Timur, Surabaya, IndonesiaFollow
Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaFollow
Manik Retno Wahyunitisari, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

ORCID ID

hafidz firmanda: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0543-8632

Agung Dwi Wahyu Widodo: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-8799

Manik Retno Wahyunitisari: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4067-7190

Abstract

Infections caused by microbial biofilms pose a clinical treat in terms of patient morbidity and mortality rates. For potential treatment this study aims to determine antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of kersen fruit extract (Muntingia calabura L) on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. This research used true experimental method with posttest only control group design. Using 6 kersen fruit extract concentration and 4 replications. Antimicrobial test used tube dilution method and antibiofilm test used two different scenario, biofilm growth inhibition test and biofilm degradation test. MIC result against Staphylococcus aures and Escherichia coli at extract concentration of 6.25% and Candida albicans at concentration 12.5%. MBC result against Staphylococcus aures and Escherichia coli at extract concentration of 12.5% and Candida albicans at concentration 25%. Biofilm growth inhibition test found that kersen fruit extract was able to inhibit biofilm growth of Staphylococcus aures, highest inhibition value at 76.3% and Escherichia coli highest inhibition percentage at 18.18%. Biofilm degradation test showed that kersen fruit extract was able to degrade biofilm of Staphylococcus aures highest degradation value is 26.5%. Kersen fruit extract was shown has antimicrobial activity as bacteriostatic and bactericidal against these microbes. Antibiofilm activity of kersen fruit extract obtained good result at preventing biofilm growth against Staphylococcus aures, while against Escherichia coli obtained weak growth inhibition. In biofilm degradation test, Kersen fruit extract was able to degrade biofilm from Staphylococcus aures with moderate strength.

Keywords

Antimicrobial; biofilm inhibitor; biofilm infection; kersen fruits (Muntingia calabura L); phytochemical

First Page

204

Last Page

214

DOI

10.65346/2599-056X.2405

Publication Date

12-24-2025

Recommended Citation

Firmanda, Hafidz; Widodo, Agung Dwi Wahyu; and Wahyunitisari, Manik Retno. 2025 EXPLORING ETHANOL EXTRACT OF KERSEN FRUIT (MUNTINGIA CALABURA L) AS ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM. Folia Medica Indonesiana. 61, 2 (Dec. 2025 ), 204-214.
Available at: https://doi.org/10.65346/2599-056X.2405