The Effects of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Ethanol Extract on Bladder Urothelial Layer and Smooth Muscle Thicknesses in Menopausal Female Wistar Rats

Authors

Bismantara Aditya Putra, Department of Surgery, Prof. dr. IGNG Ngoerah Central General Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
Kadek Budi Santosa, Department of Urology, Prof. dr. IGNG Ngoerah Central General Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
I Wayan Niryana, Department of Neurosurgery, Prof. dr. IGNG Ngoerah Central General Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
Nyoman Golden, Department of Neurosurgery, Prof. dr. IGNG Ngoerah Central General Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa, Department of Urology, Prof. dr. IGNG Ngoerah Central General Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
Ida Bagus Made Suryawisesa, Department of Oncology, Prof. dr. IGNG Ngoerah Central General Hospital; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
Jitender Sharma, Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research/ Associated Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
Pratishtha Mehra, Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research/ Associated Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
Pradeep Kumar Dabla, Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research/ Associated Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
Silvi Mavita, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
Usamah Usamah, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya
Jongky Hendro Prajitno, Endocrine & Metabolism Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya

ORCID ID

Bismantara Aditya Putra: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3887-5503, I Wayan Niryana: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2626-5931, Nyoman Golden: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9700-9025, Gede Wirya Kusuma Duarsa: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-159X

Abstract

Highlights: Purple sweet potatoes cultivated in Bali, Indonesia, were found to be rich in phytoestrogen due to the high levels of anthocyanin-type flavonoids. The phytoestrogen in purple sweet potato ethanol extract demonstrated estrogenic activity and the potential to substitute hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. Abstract Postmenopausal women experience estrogen hormone deficiency, which can cause thinning of the smooth muscle and urothelial layer of the bladder, leading to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been the primary choice for addressing these problems. However, long-term prescription of HRT can result in several adverse effects, including a higher risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Phytoestrogen, an estrogen-like compound derived from plants such as purple sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.), contains anthocyanin that could serve as a better alternative to estrogen replacement therapy. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of phytoestrogens in purple sweet potatoes on the histomorphology of the bladder in menopausal female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This experimental study used a posttest-only control group design. A total of 36 Wistar rats undergoing ovariectomy were randomly assigned into two groups, with 18 samples in each group. The experimental group received the purple sweet potato ethanol extract orally, while the control group received a placebo. The structures of the smooth muscle and urothelial layer of the bladder were observed using a microscope. Data were analyzed using an independent t-test to compare bladder smooth muscle and urothelial layer thickness between groups, with a significance of p<0.05. A normality test was performed to determine the normal distribution of the data. Normally distributed data were assessed to find the mean and standard deviation (SD). Significant differences were found in the mean thickness of the smooth muscle and urothelial layer between both groups (p=0.00), with both being thicker in the experimental group. In conclusion, phytoestrogens in purple sweet potatoes can influence the histomorphology of the bladder. Ovariectomized female Wistar rats that received purple sweet potato ethanol extract exhibited thicker smooth muscle and urothelial layer of the bladder.

First Page

180

Last Page

186

DOI

10.20473/fmi.v59i2.44621

Publication Date

6-10-2023

Recommended Citation

Putra, Bismantara Aditya; Santosa, Kadek Budi; Niryana, I Wayan; Golden, Nyoman; Duarsa, Gede Wirya Kusuma; Suryawisesa, Ida Bagus Made; Sharma, Jitender; Mehra, Pratishtha; Dabla, Pradeep Kumar; Mavita, Silvi; Usamah, Usamah; and Prajitno, Jongky Hendro (2023) "The Effects of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) Ethanol Extract on Bladder Urothelial Layer and Smooth Muscle Thicknesses in Menopausal Female Wistar Rats," Folia Medica Indonesiana: Vol. 59: No. 2, Article 6.
DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v59i2.44621
Available at: https://scholarly.unair.ac.id/fk-fmi/vol59/iss2/6